![]() Tissue atrophy may be observed in some lobes, and fibrin tags as well as fibrous/sclerotic scarring (i.e. Around the fourth to fifth week after infection, the migratory tracks become yellow and are surrounded by haemorrhage. During the first two weeks of infection in sheep, the liver is usually congested, with fibrous tags on its surface and haemorrhagic tracks in the parenchyma, mainly in the left lobe. The disease is divided into acute (1–6 weeks after infection) and chronic (from 7–8 weeks) phases, each of which has been explored extensively using histopathological methods. The severity of fascioliasis is largely influenced by the infectious dose, and the age and immune status/response of the host. After 6–8 weeks, the immature flukes reach the bile ducts, where they mature to adults and live for years. The juveniles penetrate the liver capsule and migrate through the parenchyma to the major bile ducts, a process mediated by the secretion of a complex mix of digestive enzymes produced by the parasite, including cathepsins and other cysteine/serine proteases. Following passage through the stomach(s) and upon entry to the small intestine, the metacercariae excyst and the newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) penetrate the small intestinal wall, to then migrate through the abdominal cavity in search of the liver. įasciola hepatica is transmitted to the mammalian host via the ingestion of the infective stages (metacercariae) which are usually encysted on aquatic vegetation. ![]() Despite its impact, this disease remains neglected, in terms of control and research efforts. gigantica, with > 90 million people being at risk of infection worldwide. Fascioliasis affects livestock, including sheep and cattle, causing major financial losses due to morbidity and mortality. This parasite occurs mainly in temperate climatic regions, where suitable conditions favour the survival of particular aquatic snails (Lymnaeidae) that act as the intermediate host. ![]() It defines the involvement of specific genes associated with the host’s metabolism, immune response and tissue repair/regeneration, and highlights an apparent overlapping function of many genes involved in these processes.įasciola hepatica is a parasitic flatworm (class Trematoda) responsible for liver fluke disease or fascioliasis in various mammals. This study is, to our knowledge, the first detailed investigation of the transcriptomic responses in the liver tissue of any host to F. Our molecular findings provide significant new insights into the mechanisms linked to metabolism, fibrosis and tissue-repair in sheep, and highlight the relative importance of specific components of immune response pathways, which appear to be driven toward a suppression of inflammation. ![]() This study identified 572 and 42 genes that were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in infected livers relative to uninfected controls. To begin to explore the host-response to Fasciola in sheep and improve the understanding of the host-pathogen interactions during the parasite’s migration through liver parenchyma to the bile duct, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate livers from sheep infected for eight weeks compared with those from uninfected controls. The acute phase of this disease is severe in sheep, whereas chronic fascioliasis is more common in cattle. This is particularly relevant, considering the very different response that sheep have to Fasciola hepatica relative to cattle. Although fascioliasis has been relatively well studied, little is known about the molecular basis of this disease. ![]()
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